Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The ability of soils to release water so that it flows through the topsoil into
the subsoil, and eventually to aquifers, is called _____.
A. | drainage | B. | weathering | C. | filtration | D. | aggregation |
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2.
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What is the largest soil particle?
A. | Silt | B. | Gravel | C. | Sand | D. | Clay |
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3.
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What is parent material?
A. | Hard rock that has not weathered and cannot be excavated | B. | Geological material
from which soil is formed | C. | Soil that has a pH above 7 | D. | Soil that has a pH
below 7 |
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4.
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Which soil horizon is located just immediately below the vegetation?
A. | A-horizon | B. | B-horizon | C. | C-horizon | D. | O-horizon |
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5.
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Which soil horizon contains the most organic matter in soil?
A. | A-horizon | B. | B-horizon | C. | O-horizon | D. | R-horizon |
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6.
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The parent material is located in which soil horizon?
A. | O-horizon | B. | B-horizon | C. | C-horizon | D. | R-horizon |
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7.
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Which structural form of soil is shown in this image?  A. | Granular | B. | Blocky | C. | Platey | D. | Columnar |
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8.
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Class _____ land has very gentle slopes, slightly shallower soils, and drainage
issues that can generally be corrected with grassed waterways or subsurface tile drainage.
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9.
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Which class of land is very steep and is primarily suitable for grazing,
woodlots, and wildlife cover?
A. | Class III | B. | Class IV | C. | Class
V | D. | Class VII |
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10.
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In which season do deer species rut?
A. | Autumn | B. | Spring | C. | Summer | D. | Winter |
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11.
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This photo shows an example of a(n) _____ forest.  A. | deciduous | B. | coniferous | C. | dehiscent | D. | indehiscent |
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12.
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Which tree is an example of a deciduous tree?
A. | Larch | B. | Spruce | C. | Fir | D. | Birch |
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13.
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Trees reproduce sexually by _____.
A. | producing seeds | B. | growing leaves or needles | C. | shedding their
bark | D. | extending their roots |
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14.
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A compound leaf is a leaf that _____.
A. | produces seeds in cones | B. | starts out as a leaf but is later replaced by a
needle | C. | is exceptionally rigid | D. | is made up of multiple
leaflets |
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15.
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Trees cut for lumber are generally cut into _____ lengths.
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16.
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The overall reduction in the number of trees in an area of the forest is called
_____.
A. | culling | B. | coppicing | C. | girdling | D. | thinning |
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17.
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What is a Biltmore stick commonly used for?
A. | Measuring the harvestable height of a tree | B. | Clearing slash from
the forest floor | C. | Marking trees for culling | D. | Marking the ground to measure the level of pond
succession |
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18.
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Using the table below, determine the volume of a tree with a DBH of 34”
(0.86 m) that contains four 16’ (4.9 m) logs.  A. | 506 board feet | B. | 1385 board feet | C. | 1487 board
feet | D. | 1610 board feet |
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19.
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Which practice involves removing all trees from a given area?
A. | Shelterwood harvesting | B. | Seed tree harvesting | C. | Strip-cutting | D. | Clear-cutting |
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20.
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This photograph shows an image of which invasive plant pest?  A. | Cogon grass | B. | Chinese tallow | C. | Kudzu | D. | Japanese
honeysuckle |
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21.
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What is the largest soil particle?
A. | Silt | B. | Gravel | C. | Sand | D. | Clay |
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22.
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A habitat is...
A. | Any landscape that provides some of the needs of a species. | C. | The environment in
which the specific needs of a species are met. | B. | Any place where we find vegetation such as
trees or grass. | D. | All of the
above. |
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23.
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Why does habitat loss represent one of the greatest causes of extinction?
A. | Living organisms have evolved over millions of years to have highly specific needs
that are met only by their specific habitats. | C. | Without a habitat, a species cannot
live under natural conditions. | B. | If a habitat is changed, it can no longer
provide the conditions necessary for species to live. | D. | All of the
above. |
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24.
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The maximum population that a habitat can sustainably support is called
a…
A. | Carrying Capacity | C. | Ecosystem | B. | Community | D. | Niche |
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25.
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The interaction of living and non-living species in an area is
called…
A. | Carrying Capacity | C. | Ecosystem | B. | Community | D. | Niche |
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26.
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The specific role a species plays in its habitat is called…
A. | Carrying Capacity | C. | Ecosystem | B. | Community | D. | Niche |
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27.
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The interactions of living species in a habitat is a…
A. | Carrying Capacity | C. | Ecosystem | B. | Community | D. | Niche |
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28.
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This niche is when species interact to the benefit of all involved.
A. | Competition | D. | Symbiosis | B. | Predation/Parasitism | E. | Commensalism | C. | Mutualism |
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29.
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This niche is when two species struggle to acquire the same resource.
A. | Competition | D. | Symbiosis | B. | Predation/Parasitism | E. | Commensalism | C. | Mutualism |
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30.
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This niche is when one species gains resources at the expense of another
species.
A. | Competition | D. | Symbiosis | B. | Predation/Parasitism | E. | Commensalism | C. | Mutualism |
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31.
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This niche is when one species benefits without affecting another
species.
A. | Competition | D. | Symbiosis | B. | Predation/Parasitism | E. | Commensalism | C. | Mutualism |
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32.
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This niche is where two species cooperate to the extent that they physically
cannot survive without each other.
A. | Competition | D. | Symbiosis | B. | Predation/Parasitism | E. | Commensalism | C. | Mutualism |
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33.
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Which of the following best describes amensalism?
A. | When one species benefits another species without benefiting itself. | C. | When one species
benefits another species without harming itself. | B. | When one species harms another species without
benefiting itself. |
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34.
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Which of the following best summarizes the Competition Exclusion
Principle?
A. | If two species occupy the same niche at the same time, they will cooperate to use the
resources. | C. | If two species occupy the same niche at the same time, both will go
extinct. | B. | If two species occupy the same niche at the same time, one species will eliminate the
other over time. | D. | All of the
above are accurate summaries. |
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35.
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A species with a very narrow niche is called a…
A. | Habitat generalist | C. | Predator | B. | Habitat specialist | D. | Threatened or endangered
species |
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36.
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As habitats become ________________ , the impact of the Competitive Exclusion
Principle ________________ .
A. | Smaller; Increases | C. | Larger; Increases | B. | Smaller;
Decreases |
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37.
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How do invasive species affect the Competitive Exclusion Principle?
A. | Invasive species reduce competition within a niche, providing more ecosystem services
to native species. | C. | Invasive species increase the competition within a niche, making it harder to acquire
resources. | B. | Invasive species expand the number of niches in an ecosystem. | D. | All of the
above. |
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38.
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The process in which a habitat undergoes natural, slow change is
called…
A. | Succession | C. | Resilience | B. | Disturbance |
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39.
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The ability of a habitat to overcome threats and return to a normal state is
known as…
A. | Succession | C. | Resilience | B. | Disurbance |
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40.
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How do human-caused disturbances differ from natural disturbances?
A. | They do not differ; both cause extensive damage and threaten
biodiversity | C. | Human disturbances occur on a much smaller scale than natural
disturbances | B. | Natural disturbances tend to be rapid and temporary; human disturbances tend to have
a longer impact. | D. | Human
disturbances are rare while natural disturbances occur much more
often. |
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41.
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The _____________ the biodiversity of a habitat, the_____________ the resilience
of that habitat.
A. | Greater; Greater | C. | Lower; Greater | B. | Greater; Lower |
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42.
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What is habitat fragmentation?
A. | When a habitat experiences a selective harvest of timber. | C. | When a habitat is
broken into multiple smaller habitats that are isolated from each other. | B. | When a habitat
experiences a disturbance such as pollution or invasive species. | D. | All of the
above. |
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43.
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The ______________ the size of the habitat, and the ______________ the
biodiversity, the ______________ the habitat will be.
A. | Greater; Lower; Healthier | C. | Greater; Higher;
Healthier | B. | Smaller; Lower; Healthier |
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44.
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The main causes of habitat fragmentation include…
A. | Succession, natural disturbances, pollution, and hunting. | C. | Human development,
succession, natural disturbances, and deforestation. | B. | Road building, succession, natural
disturbances, and conversion. | D. | Human development, road building, deforestation, and
conversion. |
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45.
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Which of the following is NOT an outcome of fragmentation?
A. | Decreased populations due to lowered carrying capacities. Inbreeding and losses of
genetic diversity. | C. | Loss of specialist species with narrow niches. | B. | Increased predation,
parasitism, and invasive species. | D. | Increased species diversity due to evolution resulting from new selection
pressures. |
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46.
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What is the difference between patchiness and edge?
A. | Patchiness is the amount of border a habitat has while edge is how broken up a
habitat is. | C. | Patchiness is another word for fragmentation; edge is a result of the
fragmentation. | B. | Edge is the amount of border a habitat has while patchiness is how broken up a
habitat is. | D. | Edge is another
word for fragmentation; patchiness is a result of the fragmentation. |
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47.
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Which is not one of the 7 glands found on the body of a white-tailed
deer?
A. | Post-orbital gland | C. | Preputial gland | B. | Forehead gland | D. | Tarsal gland |
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48.
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Antlers are different than horns in all of the following ways except?
A. | Antlers shed and regrown annually | C. | Antlers grow from the
base. | B. | Antlers are made of calcified “true” bone. | D. | Antlers are used during sparring and fighting
to establish hierarchy. |
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49.
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Which sensory organ is referred to as the whitetail’s “sixth
sense”?
A. | Obamasum | C. | Vomeronasal organ | B. | Interdigital gland | D. | Nasal gland |
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50.
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White-tailed deer are classified as ruminants due to:
A. | Having a single four-chambered stomach | C. | Having four stomachs that do not
differ in function | B. | Having four stomachs that each provide a
different function |
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51.
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White-tailed deer gestation period is:
A. | 160-165 days | C. | 185-195 days | B. | 170-175 days | D. | 195-200 days |
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52.
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Which of the following information can be gained from a trail-camera
survey?
A. | Deer density | D. | Buck-to-doe ratio | B. | Idea of buck age-structure | E. | All answers are correct | C. | Fawn recruitment
rate |
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53.
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Quality Deer Management is define by:
A. | The approach where young bucks are protected from harvest, combined with an adequate
harvest of female deer to produce healthy deer herds in balance with existing habitat
conditions. | C. | The approach where any antlered buck is harvested, regardless of age or antler
quality, and few does are harvested. | B. | The approach where only fully mature bucks with
high-scoring antlers are harvested (with the exception of low-scoring middle-aged bucks) and does are
aggressively harvested to maintain low deer density and optimum nutrition for the remaining
animals. | D. | No answers are
correct. |
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54.
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What is the age of this deer?  A. | Fawn | C. | 2.5 years old | B. | 1.5 years old |
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55.
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What is the age of this deer?  A. | Fawn | C. | 2.5 years old | B. | 1.5 years old |
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56.
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What is the age of this deer?  A. | Fawn | C. | 2.5 years old | B. | 1.5 years old |
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57.
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What is the system called that groups soils with similar limitations and
classifies them according to the best possible use?
A. | Land Factor | C. | Land Capability Class | B. | Land
Form | D. | Land Use
Class |
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58.
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The _____ number, the less suitable the land is for crop production.
A. | Higher | C. | Even | B. | Lower | D. | Odd |
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59.
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The most common limiting factor for classifying land as cultivatable
is...
A. | Drainage | C. | Erosion | B. | Topsoil Thickness | D. | Slope |
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60.
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Read the diameter tape below: 
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61.
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What is the total height of the tree below? 
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62.
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An accident is
A. | Sudden or unintentional event that causes injury | C. | a substance used to stop pain or
itching. | B. | What happens when you wet the bed. | D. | loss of salt resulting in muscular pains &
spasms. |
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63.
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A way to prevent heat being an environmental hazard is to
A. | wear proper clothing | C. | pace yourself | B. | know the signs of heat
exhaustion | D. | all of the
above |
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64.
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Insects are generally not life threatening but they are ____________
during spring, summer, & fall.
A. | beautiful | C. | scarce | B. | annoying | D. | pink |
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65.
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Which of the following is not a way to protect yourself from
wildlife?
A. | Stay calm | C. | Taunt a mother bear | B. | Wear proper clothing | D. | Use good
judgement |
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66.
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Which of the following is not a venomous snake in Georgia?
A. | Coral snake | C. | Timber rattler | B. | Indigo snake | D. | Cottonmouth |
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67.
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The only deadly spider(s) in the US is/are the
A. | Black Widow | C. | Tarantula | B. | Brown Recluse | D. | Both A & B |
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68.
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This snake has a white mouth and typically lives in aquatic areas.
A. | Timber rattler | C. | Coral snake | B. | Cottonmouth moccasin | D. | Copperhead |
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69.
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Which of the following diseases can be carried by ticks?
A. | Lyme disease | C. | Tularemia | B. | Rocky Mountain Spotted
Fever | D. | All of the
Above |
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70.
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What is the best way to protect yourself from the Saddleback Caterpillar?
A. | OFF Deep Woods Spray | C. | Long sleeved shirts | B. | Wear a tank top | D. | Carry a lucky rabbit’s
foot |
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71.
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DBH is a measurement of the diameter of a tree at breast height which is:
A. | 4 feet above the ground level | C. | 5 feet above ground level
| B. | 4.5 feet above ground level | D. | 5.5 feet above ground level
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72.
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An instrument consisiting of a thin wedge of glass that is used to determine the
number of trees that should be counted when determining the basal per acre is called what?
A. | dendrometer | C. | hyposmeter | B. | prism | D. | clinometer |
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73.
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You tally 12 trees using a 10 factor wedge prism. What is the sqaure feet of
basal area per acre of the treees around that point?
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74.
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______ species, sometimes called confiers, are trees that have leaves in the
form of needles.
A. | Hardwood | C. | Evergreen | B. | Softwood | D. | Deciduous |
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75.
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When measuring diameter breast height of a tree with a Biltmore Stick, how many
inches from the eye is the stick held?
A. | 21 inches | C. | 25 inches | B. | 24 inches | D. | 30 inches |
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76.
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The basal area is _____ if one has tallied 8 trees with a 10 factor prism.
A. | 8 sq. ft | C. | 800 sq. inches | B. | 80 sq. inches | D. | 80 sq. ft |
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77.
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The ability of soils to release water so that it flows through the topsoil into
the subsoil, and eventually to aquifers, is called _____.
A. | drainage | B. | weathering | C. | filtration | D. | aggregation |
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78.
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In which season do deer species rut?
A. | Autumn | B. | Spring | C. | Summer | D. | Winter |
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79.
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Trees cut for lumber are generally cut into _____ lengths.
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80.
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What is a Biltmore stick commonly used for?
A. | Measuring the harvestable height of a tree | B. | Clearing slash from
the forest floor | C. | Marking trees for culling | D. | Marking the ground to measure the level of pond
succession |
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81.
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A. | Sweetgum | C. | White Oak | B. | Sycamore | D. | Pecan |
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82.
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A. | Yellow-poplar | C. | Sugar Maple | B. | Red Maple | D. | Lodgepole Pine |
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83.
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 Needles 6-9 inches longA. | Loblolly Pine | C. | Red Spruce | B. | Shortleaf Pine | D. | Black Cherry |
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84.
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 Needles 10-18 inches, bundles of
three A. | Longleaf Pine | C. | Lodgepole Pine | B. | Balsam Fir | D. | Elm |
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85.
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A. | Shortleaf Pine | C. | Sitka Spruce | B. | Eastern Redcedar | D. | American Beech |
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86.
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A. | American Beech | C. | Yellow-Poplar | B. | Black Cherry | D. | Red Pine |
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87.
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Using a 1 inch diameter class, a 15.2 inch tree will be tallied as what diameter
tree?
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Multiple Response
Identify one
or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
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88.
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Which of the following is a conifer?
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89.
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You are using a clinometer to determine tree height on level ground from a
distance of 100’. Your reading to the tops of the tree is +85%; the bottom reading is -5%. What
is the height of the tree?(NRS.02.03)
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90.
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What is the stinging bug found in our area that is not an insect?
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91.
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Which of the following would be an example of a topographic hazard?
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92.
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How many feet are usually in a “log”?
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93.
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To estimate the height of a tree use a(n) _______. (NRS.02.03)
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94.
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What does the black widow have on the underside of
its abdomen?
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95.
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Which of the venomous
snakes is solid black?
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96.
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What is a substance used to stop pain or
itching?
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97.
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What does DBH stand for?
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True/False
Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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98.
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A sandy beach is an example of Class I land.
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99.
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Timber stand improvement may include removing desirable trees for thinning
purposes.
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100.
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The sex of a deer can consistently be determined by the track.
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101.
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Only one buck uses a scrape, and does do not use scrapes.
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102.
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White-tailed deer have always been abundant throughout the last 200
years.
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103.
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White-tailed deer have a field of vision that is limited to 200 degrees.
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104.
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The only mechanism of touch that whitetails experience is from their hooves on
the ground.
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105.
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Almost all activity (80%) at scrape sites is during the night.
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106.
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All deer have the same home range size.
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107.
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When 12 to 18-month-old deer travel 1 to 3 miles away from their birth range to
establish an adult home-range, this is referred to as “dispersal.”
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Matching
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A. | Younger | F. | Rut | B. | Home Range | G. | Photoperiod | C. | Rub-urination | H. | Directional Hearing | D. | Bachelor Groups | I. | Fetal Scale | E. | Fawn Recruitment
Rate |
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108.
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The ___________ is the period of the year where active breeding in whitetails
is at the highest point.
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109.
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Whitetail bucks form ____________ during the summer months due to low
testosterone levels.
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110.
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One goal of Quality Deer Management is to minimize the harvest of
_______________ bucks.
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111.
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The casting of antlers is regulated by testosterone and ____________.
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112.
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The ability of whitetails to move their ears without moving their head is
referred to as ___________.
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113.
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When a buck places both tarsal glands together and urinates on them, this is
referred to as __________.
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114.
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The amount of fawns per doe that survive to become part of the huntable deer
herd every fall.
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115.
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The place where a deer will spend nearly 100% of their time
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116.
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Biologists will use a __________ to determine the timing of the rut during each
hunting season.
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A. | drainage | E. | slope | B. | effective depth | F. | topsoil texture | C. | erosion | G. | topsoil thickness | D. | permeability |
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117.
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process of water being removed from the soil
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118.
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the proportion of sand, silt, and clay in the topsoil
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119.
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the surface layer of the land measured from ground level to the beginning of
the subsoil
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120.
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the steepness of the area or field
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121.
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the depth to which plant roots can easily penetrate
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122.
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ability of air and water to move through the subsoil
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123.
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the percentage of the original topsoil which has suffered the harmful effects
of water and wind
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